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| The German 77 at the Bellefonte Courthouse and W. Harrison Walker Photo Retrieved From: Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive |
After four horrific years, the "War to End All Wars" ended on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of the year 1918. The Great War, as it came to be known, introduced the world to a level of death and destruction previously unknown. Approximately 16 million lives had been lost during the conflict, almost 2% of the world's population at that time. The United States, who had only joined the war in 1917, saw 205,690 service members returning home with wounds of various degrees. Another 116,708 never came home.
The following year, Armistice Day was established by President Woodrow Wilson as a day to celebrate the peace that followed the end of the war and honor those who had served. As part of this remembrance, monuments and statues were erected in towns and cities across the country. Some of these dedications were comprised of military equipment captured from the enemy on the battlefields of Europe.
One man was determined to bring one of these relics of war to Bellefonte. His name was William Harrison Walker, a public servant who put his community before anything else, serving as a lawyer, notary, and later as mayor.
During the war, Walker had been the chairman for both the War Savings Committee of Centre County and the Third Federal District War Savings Division. Following the end of the war, three captured artillery pieces had been allotted by the War Department to be distributed as monuments within the Third Division, of which Bellefonte was within. After applying for one of the guns, Walker then persistently solicited the War Department for over six months until he was finally granted one.
The journey of the captured artillery gun is just as interesting as the man who brought it to Centre County. According to the Williamsport Sun, the gun was a German 77mm field artillery piece captured by the First Division of the American Expeditionary Force on July 10, 1918 during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
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| The same model artillery gun at the Bovington Tank Museum in the UK Photo Retrieved From: By Cooper6 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60201194 |
This offensive push would be the largest military operation that the American forces in Europe would participate in. Fought from September 26th to November 11th 1918, the battle would produce 120,000 American causalities. To put this in perspective, U.S. forces suffered approximately 6,000 casualties on D-Day during WWII.
After its capture, the artillery gun made its way to the military proving ground in Aberdeen, Maryland. On October 2, 1919 it began the trip from Newark, New Jersey to Bellefonte, where it arrived on October 24. In the papers, the gun is often referred to as the "Boche 77." The word "boche" (pronounced bosh) was a French derogatory word for Germans during the war.
The description of the gun when it arrived in Bellefonte was as follows: "One of the wheels of the gun carriage still bears the camouflaged paint with which the gun was masked while in action. Two bullet holes are noticeable on one side of the metal guard. The only parts missing are the breech block and range finder."
Once unloaded, the gun was towed to the Diamond in front of the courthouse where it was gazed upon by hundreds of people. It was intended to have a concrete mount constructed to permanently affix the gun in time for a formal dedication on November 11th.
The gun remained at the Diamond until June 1920 when it was towed to Milesburg to be repainted into its original camouflage color scheme. The article explained that upon restoration, the gun would be brought back to Bellefonte and mounted in the southwest corner of the courthouse yard, opposite the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial.
A month later, the American Legion requested to have the gun moved in front of the Armory to help promote enlistment within the local troop. Council members approved the request and the gun was moved there for a unknown period of time.
By May 1926, the gun was back in its original display location within the Diamond. The article noted that interest in the gun had waned and it now had no permanent home.
In June that same year, a Mr. Cunningham of the borough council pointed out that the old German gun was in a perilous position within the Diamond and suggested it be removed. The Bellefonte Armory had expressed an interest in the gun and it was decided to move it there for display.
On December 7, 1941, the United States was once again plunged into a global conflict. Across the nation, scrap drives were held to provide metal for the war effort. Many historical artifacts were sacrificed in a surge of patriotism.
Centre County had collected 308 tons of scrap by October 1, 1942. A half-ton of this was contributed by the old German 77. The Great War relic had been unceremoniously towed from the Armory to the scrap pile at the Diamond, the place where it once was viewed with curiosity and awe. It's unknown how William Harrison Walker felt about seeing the old gun that he had campaigned so hard to bring to Bellefonte tossed upon the scrap heap. He would pass away almost a decade later in 1951.
However yet another German 77mm artillery gun exists in Centre County. Captured by the 28th Division during the war, the gun resides in the collection of the Pennsylvania Military Museum in Boalsburg.
Information Retrieved From:
(1919 October 3). A big boche 77 coming. Democratic Watchman. Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive. https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn83031981/1919-10-03/ed-1/seq-8/#words=77+BOCHE
(1919 October 9). Hun gun for Bellefonte. Centre Reporter. Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive. https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn83032058/1919-10-09/ed-1/seq-1/#words=Bellefonte+Cannon
(1919 October 30). Bellefonte. Williamsport Sun. James V. Brown Libarary. Retrieved From: https://jvbrownpublic.advantage-preservation.com/viewer/?i=f&d=01011778-12311990&e=german%2077&m=between&ord=e1&fn=the_williamsport_sun_usa_pennsylvania_williamsport_19191030_english_5&df=11&dt=15&cid=2885
(1919 October 31). German gun arrives. Democratic Watchman. Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive. https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn83031981/1919-10-31/ed-1/seq-8/#words=77+Boche
(1942 October 1). Where's the other Bellefonte cannon? Centre Democrat. Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive. Retrieved from: https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn84009409/1942-10-01/ed-1/seq-1/#words=Bellefonte+Cannon
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